Air or Gas Embolism
Air or gas embolism occurs when air bubbles block blood vessels. HBOT is the definitive emergency treatment in Vermont.
What is Air or Gas Embolism?
An air or gas embolism occurs when one or more air bubbles enter a vein or artery and block it. This can happen during surgical procedures, trauma, or diving accidents.
When air bubbles travel through blood vessels, they can lodge in the brain, heart, or lungs, blocking blood flow and causing serious damage or death if not treated immediately.
Gas embolism is considered a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention with hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Symptoms of Air or Gas Embolism
If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, seek medical attention. Early intervention is critical for many of these conditions.
- Sudden difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Loss of consciousness
- Stroke-like symptoms
- Low blood pressure
- Bluish skin color
- Paralysis or weakness
Common Causes
Air embolism can occur during surgical procedures, particularly those involving the heart, blood vessels, or lungs. It can also happen during IV insertions, trauma, or as a complication of mechanical ventilation.
Divers are at risk if they ascend too quickly, allowing dissolved gases to form bubbles in the bloodstream—a condition related to but distinct from decompression sickness.
Comprehensive Emergency Treatment
Air or gas embolism requires immediate, multi-faceted emergency care. HBOT is the definitive treatment, but supportive measures are essential for stabilization.
Positioning
Patient is positioned to prevent further air migration and optimize circulation during transport.
High-Flow Oxygen
100% oxygen administration begins immediately to start nitrogen washout and support oxygenation.
Hemodynamic Support
IV fluids and vasopressors maintain blood pressure and cardiac output during treatment.
Seizure Management
Anticonvulsant medications if neurological symptoms include seizure activity.
How Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Helps
HBOT is the primary treatment for air or gas embolism. The increased pressure in the hyperbaric chamber physically compresses the gas bubbles, making them smaller and allowing blood to flow past them.
The high concentration of oxygen also helps maintain oxygen delivery to tissues while the body gradually absorbs the gas bubbles.
Key Benefits of HBOT for Air/Gas Embolism
Treatment Protocol
Air or gas embolism is treated as a medical emergency. Treatment typically begins with the U.S. Navy Treatment Table 6, which involves compression to 2.8 ATA with periods of breathing 100% oxygen.
Treatment duration is typically 4-6 hours for the initial session, with additional sessions as needed based on symptom resolution.
Ready to Explore HBOT?
Schedule a consultation with our hyperbaric medicine specialists to discuss whether HBOT may be right for your condition.